福建漳州棉花画:以棉作画打造指尖上的“东方立体国画”|色噜噜狠狠狠综合曰曰曰
在福建省漳州市艺术馆三楼的非物质文化遗产展示厅内,陈列着一幅长3米、宽3米、高80厘米的沙盘式立体棉花画,展现了龙文塔、南山寺、南靖土楼等18处漳州著名的旅游景点和历史建筑。画中的亭台楼榭、山水花鸟等元素惟妙惟肖,生动活泼,这幅作品出自郭美瑜及其团队之手。他们以染色的脱脂棉絮、桃胶水为主材料,辅以棉纸、铜线,一点一点捏制、拼合而成的,创作时间长达两年多。远看似画,近看似雕,让人耳目一新。近日,中新社记者在福建漳州约访了漳州市级非物质文化遗产代表性项目漳州棉花画代表性传承人郭美瑜。
年逾七旬的郭美瑜与非物质文化遗产代表性项目漳州棉花画结缘已50载。她告诉记者,早年,弹棉匠利用彩色棉花,创造性地在棉被胎面上制作出吉祥图案或“双喜”等祝福文字,以让棉被更具卖点,这便是漳州棉花画的雏形。后来,弹棉匠又将附着在棉被上的图画分离出来,吸收民间传统工艺、彩扎、浮雕、国画等技法,制成独立工艺品。
20世纪七八十年代,漳州棉花画备受青睐,产品远销40多个国家和地区。后因工厂蜂拥而上造成恶性竞争,加之民间开始推崇字画,棉花画厂大量倒闭,郭美瑜也随之转行。2004年,一次偶然的机,漳州棉花画重新走进大众视野,郭美瑜受邀“重出江湖”,带头传承和发展棉花画。她在传统技法上大胆创新,在棉花中掺入绒线,使棉花画的亮度、色彩更胜一筹,还将中国画、雕塑等巧妙融入创作,凸显棉花画立体感,造型更活灵活现。
2010年,棉花画被确认为漳州第四批市级非物质文化遗产代表性项目,2012年,郭美瑜被授予福建省工艺美术大师称号。
记者 吴晟炜 福建漳州报道
jianpangtengtongshixuduorenzairichangshenghuozhongchangchangyudaodewenti,ranerzhebingbujinjinshiyouyugongzuoguoduhuoyundongsunshangyinqide。jianpangtengtongkenengyushizheqianzaidejibing,zhidewomengaodujingti。benwenjiangchanshujianpangtengtongkenengyusanzhongjibingxiangguan,jijianzhouyan、xinzangbingyijiganbing。shouxian,jianzhouyan,youchengwushijianhuodongjiejian,shijianguanjiezhouweiruanzuzhideyanzheng,changdaozhijuliedejianbutengtonghehuodongshouxian。qibingyinyunianling、yundongbuzu、zishibuliangdengyinsuyouguan。huanzhezaijianpangtengtongdetongshi,wangwangbanyouhuodongshouxian,yejiantengtongjiazhongdengzhengzhuang。zaizaoqi,jishijinxingwulizhiliaohekangfuxunlian,keyiyouxiaojianqingzhengzhuang,bimiantengtongjinyibujiazhong。qici,jianpangtengtongyekenengshixinzangbingdebiaoxianzhiyi。youqishiduiyuzhonglaonianreneryan,xinjiaotonghuoxinjigengsiyoushihuiyijianpanghuoshangzhitengtongzuoweishoufazhengzhuang。zaizhezhongqingkuangxia,huanzhetongchanghaihuibansuixiongtong、huxijicudengzhengzhuang。yinci,ruochuxianbumingyuanyindejianpangtengtong,youqishizaiyundonghuojuliehuodonghou,jishijiuyijianzhayouweizhongyao。zuihou,jianpangtengtongyekenengyuganbingyouguan。youqishiganqudebushihuoganzangzhongda,kenengdaozhiyoujianbudefangshexingtengtong。zhezhongqingkuangxia,huanzhewangwanghaihuiyoushiyujiantui、falidengzhengzhuang。yinci,gangongnengdejianzhaduiyuyinfajianbubushidegenyuanzhenduanzhiguanzhongyao。zongshangsuoshu,jianpangtengtong肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)是(shi)许(xu)多(duo)人(ren)在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)常(chang)常(chang)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)问(wen)题(ti),(,)然(ran)而(er)这(zhe)并(bing)不(bu)仅(jin)仅(jin)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)过(guo)度(du)或(huo)运(yun)动(dong)损(sun)伤(shang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)。(。)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)可(ke)能(neng)预(yu)示(shi)着(zhe)潜(qian)在(zai)的(de)疾(ji)病(bing),(,)值(zhi)得(de)我(wo)们(men)高(gao)度(du)警(jing)惕(ti)。(。)本(ben)文(wen)将(jiang)阐(chan)述(shu)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)可(ke)能(neng)与(yu)三(san)种(zhong)疾(ji)病(bing)相(xiang)关(guan),(,)即(ji)肩(jian)周(zhou)炎(yan)、(、)心(xin)脏(zang)病(bing)以(yi)及(ji)肝(gan)病(bing)。(。)首(shou)先(xian),(,)肩(jian)周(zhou)炎(yan),(,)又(you)称(cheng)五(wu)十(shi)肩(jian)或(huo)冻(dong)结(jie)肩(jian),(,)是(shi)肩(jian)关(guan)节(jie)周(zhou)围(wei)软(ruan)组(zu)织(zhi)的(de)炎(yan)症(zheng),(,)常(chang)导(dao)致(zhi)剧(ju)烈(lie)的(de)肩(jian)部(bu)疼(teng)痛(tong)和(he)活(huo)动(dong)受(shou)限(xian)。(。)其(qi)病(bing)因(yin)与(yu)年(nian)龄(ling)、(、)运(yun)动(dong)不(bu)足(zu)、(、)姿(zi)势(shi)不(bu)良(liang)等(deng)因(yin)素(su)有(you)关(guan)。(。)患(huan)者(zhe)在(zai)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)的(de)同(tong)时(shi),(,)往(wang)往(wang)伴(ban)有(you)活(huo)动(dong)受(shou)限(xian),(,)夜(ye)间(jian)疼(teng)痛(tong)加(jia)重(zhong)等(deng)症(zheng)状(zhuang)。(。)在(zai)早(zao)期(qi),(,)及(ji)时(shi)进(jin)行(xing)物(wu)理(li)治(zhi)疗(liao)和(he)康(kang)复(fu)训(xun)练(lian),(,)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)减(jian)轻(qing)症(zheng)状(zhuang),(,)避(bi)免(mian)疼(teng)痛(tong)进(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)重(zhong)。(。)其(qi)次(ci),(,)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)心(xin)脏(zang)病(bing)的(de)表(biao)现(xian)之(zhi)一(yi)。(。)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)对(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)老(lao)年(nian)人(ren)而(er)言(yan),(,)心(xin)绞(jiao)痛(tong)或(huo)心(xin)肌(ji)梗(geng)死(si)有(you)时(shi)会(hui)以(yi)肩(jian)膀(pang)或(huo)上(shang)肢(zhi)疼(teng)痛(tong)作(zuo)为(wei)首(shou)发(fa)症(zheng)状(zhuang)。(。)在(zai)这(zhe)种(zhong)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),(,)患(huan)者(zhe)通(tong)常(chang)还(hai)会(hui)伴(ban)随(sui)胸(xiong)痛(tong)、(、)呼(hu)吸(xi)急(ji)促(cu)等(deng)症(zheng)状(zhuang)。(。)因(yin)此(ci),(,)若(ruo)出(chu)现(xian)不(bu)明(ming)原(yuan)因(yin)的(de)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong),(,)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)运(yun)动(dong)或(huo)剧(ju)烈(lie)活(huo)动(dong)后(hou),(,)及(ji)时(shi)就(jiu)医(yi)检(jian)查(zha)尤(you)为(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。(。)最(zui)后(hou),(,)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)与(yu)肝(gan)病(bing)有(you)关(guan)。(。)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)肝(gan)区(qu)的(de)不(bu)适(shi)或(huo)肝(gan)脏(zang)肿(zhong)大(da),(,)可(ke)能(neng)导(dao)致(zhi)右(you)肩(jian)部(bu)的(de)放(fang)射(she)性(xing)疼(teng)痛(tong)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),(,)患(huan)者(zhe)往(wang)往(wang)还(hai)会(hui)有(you)食(shi)欲(yu)减(jian)退(tui)、(、)乏(fa)力(li)等(deng)症(zheng)状(zhuang)。(。)因(yin)此(ci),(,)肝(gan)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)检(jian)查(zha)对(dui)于(yu)引(yin)发(fa)肩(jian)部(bu)不(bu)适(shi)的(de)根(gen)源(yuan)诊(zhen)断(duan)至(zhi)关(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。(。)综(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu),(,)肩(jian)膀(pang)疼(teng)痛(tong)