小暑:执扇摇凉送清风|全黄做爰100分钟视频

  “薰风愠解引新凉,小暑神清夏日长。”7月7日迎来小暑节气。烈日炎炎,执扇摇凉,清风徐来,亦有雅趣。

  “收则折叠,用则撒开,折撒自如”,一把折扇集诗、书、画、雕等艺术形式于一体,体现了中国传统工艺的精华。明清两代是扇文化的鼎盛时期,许多大大小小的扇面上留下了珍贵的墨迹,其中一字一画的扇面形式在清代广泛流行,被称为“书画合璧”。

  这件设色山水洒金笺折扇,扇面为永瑢模仿清初“四王”王翚《山水画册》所绘的设色山水图,背面为雪花金笺楷书体。全扇有13根小骨和2根大骨,共15根扇骨。其小骨由乌木和竹两种材质合并而成;大骨表面用“平地留青”雕刻法,以篆书体刻李白的五言诗句。是集绘画书法与竹木牙雕大成之作,具有珍贵的历史信息与艺术价值。

  由于折扇大多由纸、竹、木、牙、角等有机类材质组成,因此极易霉变、虫蛀、脆化折断,多种材料的使用也为折扇的修复带来新的挑战。

  这件折扇的小扇骨残损严重,折扇的合骨部分木-竹分离,小骨朽化缺失,横纵向呈不规则断裂。因此,其最大的挑战就在于扇骨的修复。以往修复折扇有两种方法:第一弃扇骨,将折扇扇面保留,改装成册页或镜片保存;第二修复扇面后,配一把全新的扇骨。但是南京博物院的专家想尝试第三种方法——修复扇骨,还原折扇的初始原状。

  将扇骨清洗、分类整理后,专家根据扇骨的特有属性,对应每个扇骨不同的损伤程度,采用了“贴肉、续筋”法,“贴肉”指在粘胶处背面覆一层皮纸贴扇骨上,给予它衬托力,粘接固定;“续筋”指利用扇骨本身的脱落残片刻成丝状再加固于皮纸之上。这样既不缩短扇骨总长度,又不增加扇骨厚度,以达到恢复扇骨的受力点,便于日后在展陈中打开合拢,还原折扇本身的承风能力。

  接下来就是将残断、补缺的扇骨粘合还原。此前通常的办法是将断裂处进行对接粘合。缺点是粘得太薄容易脱胶,太厚则会破坏了扇骨原状,难以扦插扇面。为了解决这一难题,专家从中国传统古建营造技术获得了灵感,大胆采用“榫卯”与“燕尾”这种构件连接方式,新旧扇骨严密镶合不仅增加了粘接强度,而且不影响扇骨的厚度及长度,达到折扇还原的目的。

  “一两黄金修一把扇”,小小折扇不仅是中国文人书画与工艺美的完美结合,还让千年文脉在时光流转中焕发新生。

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发布于:北京市