古人怎么过中秋?典籍里记载了这些民俗|岳丰满多毛的大隂户
古时明月照今人,以民俗祈愿年年顺遂,乐享今朝。典籍里的中秋民俗,如今依然在中华大地上生生不息。撷英拾萃,连接古今,更是成为中国人对佳节最美好的寄托与期待。
中国古人过中秋的生动场景,在多本古籍中均有记载:
《武林旧事》卷三中呈现了当时临安城即现在的杭州过节放花灯水灯的胜景。
清代《壹斋集》卷七中记录了安徽地区中秋节妇女在菜园地中摸瓜摸豆角的“摸秋”趣闻。
清代《广东新语》描绘了广东地区儿童燃番塔灯“拾灯”的民俗。
在古代吴地,即今天的苏州,中秋夜要“走月亮”,妇女们成群结伴,至少要走过三座桥,称为“走三桥”。
“八月十八潮,壮观天下无”。每逢中秋,钱塘潮水汹涌澎湃。浙江图书馆收藏的古籍《梦粱录》《武林旧事》都记载了中秋观潮盛况。
在北方,拜兔儿爷和摆放木版年画——月光马,是中秋的特色民俗。兔儿爷的祭拜民俗最早始于明代的《花王阁剩稿》。《燕京岁时记》记述的兔儿爷,顶伞盖、穿朝靴、插旌旗,以麒麟或狮虎为坐骑,威风凛凛。而月光马通常是月光菩萨的形象,旁边还有一只捣药的兔子。这些形象都寄托了祈愿无病无灾、平平安安的节日愿望。
国家图书馆研究馆员 任昳霏:月光马是特定的,就是中秋节这一天贴的画,而就是在北京地区流行特别广泛,木板雕刻、玉兔捣药、保佑苍生。
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