阿尔茨海默病会遗传吗|欧美乱大交xxxxx疯狂俱乐部
1. 欧美疯狂dj
本报记者 于紫月
根据《中国阿尔茨海默病报告2024》,阿尔茨海默病在我国60岁以上老年人中发病率达5%以上,在85岁以上老年人中高达30%。一些人的父母患有阿尔茨海默病,痛心之余也担忧自己将来同样会患病。那么,阿尔茨海默病会遗传吗?
“有5%—10%的阿尔茨海默病会通过基因遗传给子女。”首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院认知障碍性疾病科主任张巍在接受记者采访时说,目前医学界发现多种致病基因和风险基因与阿尔茨海默病明确相关。其中,致病基因包括淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)、早老素1(PS1)、早老素2(PS2),携带上述任何一种致病基因的人群中,95%以上会罹患阿尔茨海默病,且发病通常呈“早发”特征,四五十岁甚至更早即可发病,该类致病基因遗传给下一代的概率极高。与致病基因不同,风险基因载脂蛋白Eε4(如APOEε4基因)则会提升患病风险。若携带风险基因,会大幅增加阿尔茨海默病的患病概率,但其遗传给下一代的概率相对较低。
“如果父母一方或双方患上此病,建议先带父母去正规的医疗机构进行基因检测,若不携带致病基因或风险基因,子女则无须过分担忧。”张巍强调,如果父母的阿尔茨海默病是由致病基因引起、具有遗传性,其子女可通过正电子发射断层扫描(PET)、脑脊液检测等手段进行检测,争取在发病早期确诊,及时采取抗体药物清除脑内β-淀粉样蛋白,有效延缓疾病进展。
除了早诊早治,早防也尤为关键。“阿尔茨海默病的预防不是从老年期开始的,而是贯穿在全生命周期中。从青年期甚至更早的少年期开始,就要养成良好的学习习惯,保持充沛的学习热情,锻炼处理复杂事物的能力,持续为‘大脑银行’增加认知储备,这样才能有效预防神经系统的退行性病变。”张巍强调。
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