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dannangjieshishichangjiandexiaohuaxitongjibing，qifabinglvzhunianshangsheng。dannangjieshizhuyaoshizhidannangneixingchengdegutiwuzhi，tongchangyoudanguchun、danyanjiqitawuzhichenjiercheng。huanzhekenenghuichuxianfutong、exin、xiaohuabuliangdengzhengzhuang，yanzhongshishenzhikenengyinfadannangyan、danguanyandengbingfazheng。yinci，jishicaiqushidangdezhiliaofangfaxiandeyouweizhongyao。muqian，dannangjieshidezhiliaofangfazhuyaobaokuoyaowuzhiliao、neijingzhiliaoheshoushuzhiliao。shouxian，yaowuzhiliao。duiyuxiaoxingdannangjieshi，youqishiwuzhengzhuangdehuanzhe，keyikaolvtongguoyaowujinxingzhiliao。yaowuzhiliaozhuyaoshitongguofuyongyixiechengfenruxiongquyangdansuan，yiqiwangrongjiejieshi。raner，zheyifangfadexiaoguowangwangjiaoman，qieduimouxieleixingdejieshi（rugaizhijieshi）bingbuzouxiao，qiezaizhiliaoguochengzhonghuanzhexuyaochangqijianchifuyao，qiekenengchuxianfufa。qici，neijingzhiliao。duiyubufendanzongguanjieshi，huanzhekeyixuanzeneijingnixingyidanguanzaoying（ERCP）lianhesuishishu。zhezhongfangfatongguoneijingkeyizhijiejinrudandao，jinxingqushihechouqudandaoneidedanzhi。zhezhongzhiliaofangfazuidadeyoudianshichuangshangxiao、huifukuai，danbingbushiyongyusuoyoudannangjieshidehuanzhe。zuihou，shoushuzhiliao。duiyuyoumingxianzhengzhuanghuozhebingfazhengdedannangjieshihuanzhe，shoushuzhiliaoshizuiweiyouxiaodefangfa。jinnianlai，weichuangshoushu（fuqiangjingdannangqiechushu）yichengweizhuliu。zhezhongshoushutongguojigexiaoqiekouwancheng，chuangshangxiao、huifukuai，shuhoubing胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)是(shi)常(chang)见(jian)的(de)消(xiao)化(hua)系(xi)统(tong)疾(ji)病(bing)，(，)其(qi)发(fa)病(bing)率(lv)逐(zhu)年(nian)上(shang)升(sheng)。(。)胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)指(zhi)胆(dan)囊(nang)内(nei)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)固(gu)体(ti)物(wu)质(zhi)，(，)通(tong)常(chang)由(you)胆(dan)固(gu)醇(chun)、(、)胆(dan)盐(yan)及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)物(wu)质(zhi)沉(chen)积(ji)而(er)成(cheng)。(。)患(huan)者(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)会(hui)出(chu)现(xian)腹(fu)痛(tong)、(、)恶(e)心(xin)、(、)消(xiao)化(hua)不(bu)良(liang)等(deng)症(zheng)状(zhuang)，(，)严(yan)重(zhong)时(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)可(ke)能(neng)引(yin)发(fa)胆(dan)囊(nang)炎(yan)、(、)胆(dan)管(guan)炎(yan)等(deng)并(bing)发(fa)症(zheng)。(。)因(yin)此(ci)，(，)及(ji)时(shi)采(cai)取(qu)适(shi)当(dang)的(de)治(zhi)疗(liao)方(fang)法(fa)显(xian)得(de)尤(you)为(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。(。)目(mu)前(qian)，(，)胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)的(de)治(zhi)疗(liao)方(fang)法(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)药(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)疗(liao)、(、)内(nei)镜(jing)治(zhi)疗(liao)和(he)手(shou)术(shu)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)首(shou)先(xian)，(，)药(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)对(dui)于(yu)小(xiao)型(xing)胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)，(，)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)无(wu)症(zheng)状(zhuang)的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)，(，)可(ke)以(yi)考(kao)虑(lv)通(tong)过(guo)药(yao)物(wu)进(jin)行(xing)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)药(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)疗(liao)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)通(tong)过(guo)服(fu)用(yong)一(yi)些(xie)成(cheng)分(fen)如(ru)熊(xiong)去(qu)氧(yang)胆(dan)酸(suan)，(，)以(yi)期(qi)望(wang)溶(rong)解(jie)结(jie)石(shi)。(。)然(ran)而(er)，(，)这(zhe)一(yi)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)往(wang)往(wang)较(jiao)慢(man)，(，)且(qie)对(dui)某(mou)些(xie)类(lei)型(xing)的(de)结(jie)石(shi)（(（)如(ru)钙(gai)质(zhi)结(jie)石(shi)）(）)并(bing)不(bu)奏(zou)效(xiao)，(，)且(qie)在(zai)治(zhi)疗(liao)过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)患(huan)者(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)长(chang)期(qi)坚(jian)持(chi)服(fu)药(yao)，(，)且(qie)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)现(xian)复(fu)发(fa)。(。)其(qi)次(ci)，(，)内(nei)镜(jing)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)对(dui)于(yu)部(bu)分(fen)胆(dan)总(zong)管(guan)结(jie)石(shi)，(，)患(huan)者(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)选(xuan)择(ze)内(nei)镜(jing)逆(ni)行(xing)胰(yi)胆(dan)管(guan)造(zao)影(ying)（(（)E(E)R(R)C(C)P(P)）(）)联(lian)合(he)碎(sui)石(shi)术(shu)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)通(tong)过(guo)内(nei)镜(jing)可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)进(jin)入(ru)胆(dan)道(dao)，(，)进(jin)行(xing)取(qu)石(shi)和(he)抽(chou)取(qu)胆(dan)道(dao)内(nei)的(de)胆(dan)汁(zhi)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)治(zhi)疗(liao)方(fang)法(fa)最(zui)大(da)的(de)优(you)点(dian)是(shi)创(chuang)伤(shang)小(xiao)、(、)恢(hui)复(fu)快(kuai)，(，)但(dan)并(bing)不(bu)适(shi)用(yong)于(yu)所(suo)有(you)胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)。(。)最(zui)后(hou)，(，)手(shou)术(shu)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)对(dui)于(yu)有(you)明(ming)显(xian)症(zheng)状(zhuang)或(huo)者(zhe)并(bing)发(fa)症(zheng)的(de)胆(dan)囊(nang)结(jie)石(shi)患(huan)者(zhe)，(，)手(shou)术(shu)治(zhi)疗(liao)是(shi)最(zui)为(wei)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。(。)近(jin)年(nian)来(lai)，(，)微(wei)创(chuang)手(shou)术(shu)（(（)腹(fu)腔(qiang)镜(jing)胆(dan)囊(nang)切(qie)除(chu)术(shu)）(）)已(yi)成(cheng)为(wei)主(zhu)流(liu)。(。)这(zhe)种(zhong)手(shou)术(shu)通(tong)过(guo)几(ji)个(ge)小(xiao)切(qie)口(kou)完(wan)成(cheng)，(，)创(chuang)伤(shang)小(xiao)、(、)恢(hui)复(fu)快(kuai)，(，)术(shu)后(hou)并(bing)