网约车抽成≠利润!最新报告详解平台运营规则|性做爰A片免费视频A片直播
近期,多家网约车平台宣布降低抽成,引发社会广泛关注。中国新就业形态研究中心发布的调研报告《城市出行的就业韧性:网约车司机就业图景与职业表现(2025)》(以下简称报告),揭开更多细节。
相关数据显示,2024年滴滴所有订单平均抽成为14%。报告课题组在多个省市进行了5417份调研,得出的抽成中位数为18.8%,多数司机的月抽成比例集中在18%至20%之间,超过25%的占0.25%,低于10%的司机占0.45%,还有0.059%的司机月抽成为负,即司机实际收入超过了乘客的实际支付。背后是平台投入了更多司乘补贴,刺激乘客打车需求,及鼓励司机在需求旺盛或天气不佳时出车。报告认为,网约车平台抽成比率会随供需情况、订单匹配难度、天气条件等条件变化而波动,实际上是一种精细化的市场调节。
报告对司机权益保障工作进行了多年追踪和研究。以滴滴为代表,其自2022年,率先落实交通运输新业态平台企业抽成“阳光行动”,上线透明账单功能,司机可以在APP上清晰查看每笔订单的收入、平台抽成比例以及其他奖励收入。本次报告显示,77.7%的网约车司机知晓可以通过透明账单了解收入及抽成比例。但有55.6%的司机表示不经常查看或不了解抽成账单展示,其对抽成的了解主要来自于其他司机沟通、与乘客交流或网络渠道,容易导致负面信息被放大,形成“抽成偏高”的群体印象和信息“回声室效应”。
报告认为,补贴的季节性和激励性特征也影响了司机的认知。当平峰期补贴减少时,司机会感觉毛收入减少但服务费依旧在扣。很多司机更容易记住“钱少了”的体验,而忽视补贴曾经增加收入的阶段,这让“抽成偏高”的印象更加根深蒂固。这种认知偏差需要通过更好的沟通和引导来化解。
报告还对网约车平台的运营和保障体系进行了深入研究,发现网约车抽成背后,除将大部分资金通过补贴反馈司乘,还包含了算法调度与系统维护、支付与结算安全、客服与仲裁、保险与理赔、合规与税费等各项成本,每一笔订单都可能触发十余条业务链和服务措施,不是外界理解的简单“撮合”,而是处理线上和线下复杂运营的基础设施。
对此,首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院副教授、中国新就业形态研究中心主任张成刚认为,网约车平台的抽成并不等于利润,抽成问题的本质,不是简单的利益分配问题,而是新经济形态下如何平衡效率与公平、创新与保障的复杂课题。要真正实现司机体面就业与行业的可持续发展,需要政府、平台企业、社会共同推动。(央广网)
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