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##zhiqiguanyan：bingyin、zhengzhuangjiyufangzhiqiguanyanshiyizhongyingxiangzhiqiguandeyanzhengxingjibing。zhiqiguanshilianjieqiguanyufeibudeguandao，qizhuyaogongnengshishusongkongqibingbaohuhuxixitong。dangzhiqiguanshoudaoganranhuocijishi，huidaozhifayan，congeryinfazhiqiguanyan。genjubingchengheyuanyindebutong，zhiqiguanyankefenweijixingzhiqiguanyanhemanxingzhiqiguanyan。###jixingzhiqiguanyanjixingzhiqiguanyantongchangshiyoubingduganranyinqide，changjiandebingyuantibaokuoliuganbingdu、ganmaobingduheguanzhuangbingdudeng。zaiyixieqingkuangxia，xijunganranyekenengdaozhijixingzhiqiguanyan。jixingzhiqiguanyanyibanyishanghuxidaoganranweiqidian，zhengzhuangtongchangchixushuzhou。changjianzhengzhuangbaokuokesou（kenengbanyouhuanglvsetan）、houlongtong、fare、fali、xiongbubushideng。daduoshubinglizaijizhouneihuizixinghuifu，danyanzhongqingkuangxiakenengxuyaokangshengsuzhiliao。###manxingzhiqiguanyanmanxingzhiqiguanyanzeshiyizhongchangqidehuxidaojibing，biaozhixingzhengzhuangshichixuxingdekesouhetanyefenmi，tongchangchixuzhishaosangeyue，bingqiezailianxuliangnianzhongfufa。manxingzhiqiguanyanduojianyuchangqixiyanzhejichangqijiechukongqiwuranwu、huaxuewuzhidegongzuorenqun。chulechixuxingkesouhetan，manxingzhiqiguanyanhuanzhehaikenenggandaohuxijicuhexiongbubushi。###yufangyuzhiliaoyufangzhiqiguanyandeguanjianzaiyugaishanshenghuofangshihehuanjingweisheng。bimianxiyanjiershou#(#)#(#)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)：(：)病(bing)因(yin)、(、)症(zheng)状(zhuang)及(ji)预(yu)防(fang)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)影(ying)响(xiang)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)的(de)炎(yan)症(zheng)性(xing)疾(ji)病(bing)。(。)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)是(shi)连(lian)接(jie)气(qi)管(guan)与(yu)肺(fei)部(bu)的(de)管(guan)道(dao)，(，)其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)输(shu)送(song)空(kong)气(qi)并(bing)保(bao)护(hu)呼(hu)吸(xi)系(xi)统(tong)。(。)当(dang)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)受(shou)到(dao)感(gan)染(ran)或(huo)刺(ci)激(ji)时(shi)，(，)会(hui)导(dao)致(zhi)发(fa)炎(yan)，(，)从(cong)而(er)引(yin)发(fa)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)。(。)根(gen)据(ju)病(bing)程(cheng)和(he)原(yuan)因(yin)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，(，)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)可(ke)分(fen)为(wei)急(ji)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)和(he)慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)。(。)#(#)#(#)#(#)急(ji)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)急(ji)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)由(you)病(bing)毒(du)感(gan)染(ran)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)，(，)常(chang)见(jian)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)体(ti)包(bao)括(kuo)流(liu)感(gan)病(bing)毒(du)、(、)感(gan)冒(mao)病(bing)毒(du)和(he)冠(guan)状(zhuang)病(bing)毒(du)等(deng)。(。)在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)，(，)细(xi)菌(jun)感(gan)染(ran)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)导(dao)致(zhi)急(ji)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)。(。)急(ji)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)上(shang)呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)感(gan)染(ran)为(wei)起(qi)点(dian)，(，)症(zheng)状(zhuang)通(tong)常(chang)持(chi)续(xu)数(shu)周(zhou)。(。)常(chang)见(jian)症(zheng)状(zhuang)包(bao)括(kuo)咳(ke)嗽(sou)（(（)可(ke)能(neng)伴(ban)有(you)黄(huang)绿(lv)色(se)痰(tan)）(）)、(、)喉(hou)咙(long)痛(tong)、(、)发(fa)热(re)、(、)乏(fa)力(li)、(、)胸(xiong)部(bu)不(bu)适(shi)等(deng)。(。)大(da)多(duo)数(shu)病(bing)例(li)在(zai)几(ji)周(zhou)内(nei)会(hui)自(zi)行(xing)恢(hui)复(fu)，(，)但(dan)严(yan)重(zhong)情(qing)况(kuang)下(xia)可(ke)能(neng)需(xu)要(yao)抗(kang)生(sheng)素(su)治(zhi)疗(liao)。(。)#(#)#(#)#(#)慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)则(ze)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)长(chang)期(qi)的(de)呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)疾(ji)病(bing)，(，)标(biao)志(zhi)性(xing)症(zheng)状(zhuang)是(shi)持(chi)续(xu)性(xing)的(de)咳(ke)嗽(sou)和(he)痰(tan)液(ye)分(fen)泌(mi)，(，)通(tong)常(chang)持(chi)续(xu)至(zhi)少(shao)三(san)个(ge)月(yue)，(，)并(bing)且(qie)在(zai)连(lian)续(xu)两(liang)年(nian)中(zhong)复(fu)发(fa)。(。)慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)多(duo)见(jian)于(yu)长(chang)期(qi)吸(xi)烟(yan)者(zhe)及(ji)长(chang)期(qi)接(jie)触(chu)空(kong)气(qi)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)、(、)化(hua)学(xue)物(wu)质(zhi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)群(qun)。(。)除(chu)了(le)持(chi)续(xu)性(xing)咳(ke)嗽(sou)和(he)痰(tan)，(，)慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)患(huan)者(zhe)还(hai)可(ke)能(neng)感(gan)到(dao)呼(hu)吸(xi)急(ji)促(cu)和(he)胸(xiong)部(bu)不(bu)适(shi)。(。)#(#)#(#)#(#)预(yu)防(fang)与(yu)治(zhi)疗(liao)预(yu)防(fang)支(zhi)气(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)的(de)关(guan)键(jian)在(zai)于(yu)改(gai)善(shan)生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)环(huan)境(jing)卫(wei)生(sheng)。(。)避(bi)免(mian)吸(xi)烟(yan)及(ji)二(er)手(shou)